1. Cardinal numbers
Cardinal numbers are the numbers that we use for counting or designating quantity : English-speakers use them every day – one two three four etc. In terms of grammar, they belong to the category of determining adjectives.
From 0 to 100 – From zero to a hundred
The number 0 is variously expressed as nought (in British English) or zero (in all forms of English) : in the middle of a series of digits, it may also be pronounced “oh”. Everyone has heard of James Bond, also known as 007. That is pronounced “oh-oh-seven” or “double-oh-seven”, but never “nought-nought-seven” nor “zero-zero-seven”.
Here are the important cardinal numbers between one and a hundred, which can serve as models for other numbers.
1 | one | 11 | eleven | 21 | twenty-one |
2 | two | 12 | twelve | 22 | twenty-two |
3 | three | 13 | thirteen | 30 | thirty |
4 | four | 14 | fourteen | 40 | forty |
5 | five | 15 | fifteen | 50 | fifty |
6 | six | 16 | sixteen | 60 | sixty |
7 | seven | 17 | seventeen | 70 | seventy |
8 | eight | 18 | eighteen | 80 | eighty |
9 | nine | 19 | nineteen | 90 | ninety |
10 | ten | 20 | twenty | 100 | a hundred |
Watch out for spelling: fourteen but forty.
Numbers from 101 to 999 – three-digit numbers
In the USA, the word and is normally omitted.
A hyphen (-) is normally used in numbers between 21 and 99, whether these stand alone or are part of a larger number.
From these examples, all other three-digit numbers in English can be formed.
101 | a hundred and one | 365 | three hundred and sixty-five |
111 | a hundred and eleven | 480 | four hundred and eighty |
121 | a hundred and twenty-one | 545 | five hundred and forty-five |
133 | a hundred and thirty-three | 644 | six hundred and forty-four |
257 | two hundred and fifty-seven | 799 | seven hundred and ninety-nine |
Notes :
The word “hundred” , except as a round number (a number ending in 00), is always followed by “and“, both in spoken British English and in written English when long numbers are written out as words.
The word hundred never takes an “s” as part of a cardinal number.
For numbers between 100 and 199, one normally says “a hundred” and not “one hundred“.
The expression “one hundred” is used only to put emphasis on the figure one (i.e. one, not two nor three), or to stress the word.
I counted one hundred and twenty planes (and not 220 nor 320)
Hundreds in the plural
The words hundred, thousand and million never take an s in the plural as cardinal numbers (which are a form of adjective).
They only take an s when used as nouns designating an imprecise quantity of hundreds or thousands, etc., followed by of …
Examples
Thousands of people crammed into the stadium
These sentences do not say how many hundreds nor how many thousands: the “s” is needed as it is the only mark of plurality.

